Tree Plantation

Tree plantation considerably decreases the Global warming in following way:
• Trees consume carbon dioxide and release the oxygen.
• It also releases the cool air decreasing the requirement of cooling electrical appliances.
• It also gives shadow, where there is no requirement of electrical appliances.
• It also causes rain by cooling clouds. The presence of clouds causes warming.
• It decreases the flooding and saves the resources. There by mitigates the Global Warming.
For taking up the tree plantation, Municipal Commissioners must frame an idea about the following:

1. Where plants are available?
2. Where to plant? What to plant?
3. How to safeguard? When to plant?
4. How to mobilize the money?
5. How to mobilize the people to planting?
6. What are the advantages of plants?

Plants are available in all the Government Nurseries. Municipal Commissioners must request the D.F.O, Social Forest for providing of plants. Only a few times they transport the plants by their vehicles. But most of the times Municipal Commissioners should bring plants on their vehicles.

In the recent past, the District Water Management Agency (DWMA) has reared many plants through out the state. They are able to supply the plants at free of cost or at virtually free. District Collector should be consulted for immediate action in this regard. Million Plants Day is the right opportunity to access the plants at free of cost.

In the recent past, Some NGOs are supplying the plants from the kadium nurseries or from their own nurseries. Some corporate agencies are supplying plants under corporate social responsibility. Similarly, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Boards are able to supply the medicinal plants. In Suryapet Municipality, they accessed the medicinal plants from the Krishi Vignana Kendra(KVK), Gaddipalli and excessive seeds and seedlings from the philanthropic persons.

Plantation can be taken up in the following places and their advantages are as follows:

• Households: Though households do not have more space for plantation, but it gives the assurance for sustainability of plants. In suryapet Municipality the same strategy is followed and successfully sustained the plants. Another important aspect to remember is economic value of the plant. The concept of Usufruct is very much essential, which means the tree should be useful. In suryapet municipality people were given the teak, drumstick, curry leaves, fruit bearing and medicinal plants and reaped good sustainability. The concept of usufruct gives the ownership to the household on the plant.

• Along the roads: tree plantation can be taken up along the roads. Trees suck the CO2 emitted by the vehicles. They also absorb the smoke particles. Here shade-giving trees are the better option. Since it also protect the bituminous surface of road. Thus global warming is reduced. It also reduces the sound pollution. The best example of plantation in the dividers is siddhipet. They have planted saplings for 3 to 4 kilometers of length and nurturing with a lot of care. Similarly, on the national Highway no.7, there are many greenbelts, giving very cool breeze even during summer mornings. It also has the plantation between dividers, avoiding unnecessary light on the eyes of drivers. In Bhainsa , a doctor and business people have taken initiative to establish a mini park beside the road. The same is emulated by more than 75 members in establishing the mini parks in front of their houses, after experiencing the advantages.

• Schools, Hospitals, Public Offices: Some of these places have ample open places and most of them have compound walls for protection. In this case, there would be more possibility of sustenance of trees. It also provides required oxygen to schoolchildren. It improves their activeness. In case of hospital, Oxygen cures the diseases within short time. In case of public Offices staff works more efficiently. It also provides shade. It reduces the intensity of heat. In Suryapet, it was observed that one pipal tree has been existing in MAM School. Though a Government school, there are brilliant students. It may be due the presence of that tree, as it is one of the highest oxygen releasing trees.

• In case of market committees, huge spaces are available. Along the available space, tree plantation must be taken up. It not only provides air but also provide shade to the animals, which are tied to carts, brought by farmers. In absence of trees these animals are put to more trouble due to heat. Even so many poor farmers and their animals are prone to sunstrokes. In Suryapet the plantation in the taken up in the new market committee before shifting their yard. The staff under the leadership of the secretary has protected the plants.


• Burial grounds: Burial grounds of Hindus usually located on the riverbanks or the bank of water sources. Usually the high emissions in burial are absorbed by water to a few extents. We have to take care of rest of emissions. There should be a massive plantation in the burial ground, so as to suck the huge emissions.

• Muslims and Christians cremate the dead body. This cremation generally allows the slow release of Green house gases from the dead body that is cremated. Recently, an Australian scientist has proposed to plant a tree over the cremated dead body. The planted tree consumes the CO2, etc emitted from the body and do not allow the emission of gases into atmosphere. Tree also consumes nutrients from the body. It reduces the release of chemicals. In olden days, people had the habit of planting the flowering plant over the cremated dead body. In Suryapet, one muslim graveyard was thoroughly planted.

• My point is very clear that trees in large scale must be planted in the cremation grounds and burial grounds as well.

• Plantation at the burial ground is one time business. But, at the crematory ground, plants must be added as and when dead body added. Maintenance of the crematory grounds must be motivated to plant a flowering plant on the cremated dead body. The good habit must sustain as it helps in tiding over the Global Warming.

• Seacoast: There is ample opportunity of planting on the seacoast. Trees play a vital role in controlling the cyclones, destruction due to cyclones and tides. Mangroves, casuarinas and coconut trees are viable options. Coconut tree even gives nut and provide employment to some people and cut down the prices of coconut and tender coconut water.
• Another important point worth mentioning is that Municipal Commissioners should not allow any person to make habitation with in 200 meters of sea coast. In Pondchery, the Govt. ensured the construction of houses after 200 meters to fisherman community and other community, who had lost houses in the Tsunami. It not only saves the valuable human lives but also allows the administrators to take up plantation, which further decrease the intensity of cyclones and Global Warming.

• Riverbanks also provide vast opportunity for plantation. Here Municipal Commissioners must take up shade giving trees such as pipal, Sal, etc. The advantages of taking up such trees on the river bank is that trees do not allow the vaporization of water, it decreases the run off speed of water, it can increase the biological oxygen demand and protect aquatic organisms. In such way bio diversity is protected. These huge trees allow rains on the riverbanks, which do not cause floods, but water is made available to down stream for various purposes.

• Tank bunds can be also can be provided with the greenery. It should be fed with the small plants instead of huge plants. The advantages are similar with river banks plantation.

• There is availability of plenty of open spaces in many Municipalities. These are kept fallow. Municipal Commissioners can take up plantation, even in commercial scale. Taking up teak plantation or neem plantation yields substantial incomes, in addition to reduction in GHG’s.

o Other alternative of utilizing the Municipal open spaces is conversion of open spaces into parks. Fortunately, Government is releasing huge amounts for establishing the parks. Municipal Commissioners must make use of above funds. Even in Budget also, there is provision for allocation of funds for establishment of parks. There is also a provision for establishment of parks in IHSDP scheme.

In lieu of resources, Municipalities are unable to establish parks, where funds from Government are not allocated. I would like to suggest establishment of the parks either in Boot System. (Built, operate, own and Transfer) or in sharing basis. It reduces the burden on salaries. It also saves the amounts on capital cost. However, plantation is the perennial boon to reduce the GHG emission.

• While approving the plan of lay out, Municipal Commissioner must see that open space must be provided at one space, so as to take up plantation or park. Other wise, they are prone to encroachments. One more advantage of open space at single place is that more number of trees and plants at single place attract the different organism.In suryapet, micro-climates are created at some places increased the butterflies, honeybees, birds and other organisms.

• In the Industrial towns, Municipal Commissioners must protect the land provided for Green belt and must take up the plantation immediately. There is ample opportunity to establish the plantation in the open spaces of industry. The advantage of plantation in industry is that they entrap the pollutants.

• Dumping yard is a place, where Municipal Commissioner has to necessarily take up the plantation. It is mandatory under SWM Rules – 2000. It entraps the GHG emissions, which are emitted from the Garbage. Shade giving trees must be preferred here.

• In some town there are plenty of open spaces for temples. In that open spaces, plantation must be taken up. For that plantation, donations can be also asked from philanthropically persons.

I had seen the collection of donations for maintenance of plants at kotappakonda in Guntur District, which is a famous Temple town of lord Shiva. Names of doners are scribed on the slate and placed at the tree. Municipality can replicate such system.

• Other important intervention can be establishment of mini parks along the road boundary. On motivation, people took up Mini Park in an enclosure. This allows the water percolation. Otherwise pavements are being made on road boundary in bigger town. But unfortunately they are neither useful for walkers nor useful for plantation. Small plants, climbers can be planted in these mini parks.
• HILLS: Only some plants such as pipal, custard apple can be sustain on the hills, if the earth is not more. The hill plantation have many advantages such as avoiding the erosion of hill, florosis, land sliding, heat waves, etc.

• Vegetable Plantation
In olden days every household use to grow vegetable in their backyard. Due to urbanization, the situation has been changed a lot. Even though there is ample choice to grow the vegetable plants.

Where the space availability is less and house is a pucca building there the climbers such as (gourd, bitter gourd, ribbed gourd, and beans) can be propagated. Just tying a wire or rope to the top of the house would lead the climbers easily climbs to the top. With in a span of 2 months, it starts giving the yield. Climbers can be planted on four sides of the building. This activity will fetch about 200/- to 300/- per month on average.

Where little more space is available, households can take up the plantation of leafy vegetables.

After plantation some of the plants sustain one to two years, yielding 100 rupees per month. Planting of leafy vegetable yields perennial income of not less than 50/- a month. Households should not let it out to wholesalers; instead they can sell it to local people at cheaper prices. It improves the unity among the people of locality.

In suryapet the seeds were given to the SHG members at free of cost. It has increased the number of kitchen gardens.

Medicinal Plantation


Definitely it will yield a lot of income if marketing facilities are provided. But even in absence of marketing facilities 3 plants are extremely useful for women.

a. Aleovera is plants grown even in fallow lands. There is no need of taking much care. This works as moisturizer and decreases expenditure on of cosmetics. On administering to scalp, it cures the dandruff. It is also useful for diabetes patients also.
b. Shatavari is also easily grown root plant extremely useful for women. Its uses are innumerable to enlist but some important uses are below.

1. Useful for lactating women
2. Supports the pregnant women
3. Reduces the anxiety
4. Cures the post – delivery problems
5. Prepares the women to pregnancy.
6. Prevent the aging and related problems.

c. Mint plant is also easily spread plant. It is useful in digestion and fighting the cold and cough.

Advantage of vegetable plantation:

1. Improves the income and reduce the poverty of poor house holds.
2. Fresh and nutritious food is available and improves health.
3. Climbers provide cool atmosphere in the house reducing energy charges.
4. If every body takes up vegetable plantation, more food is produced and food is assured making it easily available and cheaper.
5. It also contributes to curtailing the Global Warming.
6. Fresh air would be available in surroundings.
7. Leafy vegetables can solve the problem of anemia and other nutritional problems.
8. Medicinal plants decrease the expenditure on medicines and cosmetics
9. Water harvesting use to take place and all the advantages of Greenery also realize with it.
10. Medicinal plants have a greater say in increasing percapita income, average life expectancy. It decreases Infant Mortality, Mother Mortality Rate and improve health indices.
11. Other poor people can be provided food from excessive produce and it paves way for dependent life, which gives immense pleasure.

Among the fruit trees Guava, Mango, Lemon is the useful varieties. In present days dwarf varieties are also available in the market. It can generate a lot of income for Self Help Group Women.

Interestingly, value added products can be generated from lemon and mango. Lemonade can be generated from lemon fruit. It can be served to people in summer season. Such type of activities generates adequate income to push them from poverty.

Many fallow lands, open spaces, parks and Dumping yards are available at the disposal of municipal authorities. These lands can be assigned, without altering ownership, to Self Help Groups for growing medicinal plants and fruit trees. This improver Greenery and generate income for both municipality and SHG’s. Excessively available land in Dumping yard can be the best opportunity for growing the medicinal plants, vegetables, fruit trees or garden. The composted material can be best organic manure in this regard. However, it is mandatory to grow plants and trees in the Dumping Yard, as per SWM – 2000 Rules.

Advantage of trees and plants:

1. It sucks the CO2 from the atmosphere for preparation of its food and releases the O2. Thus prevents the Global Warming.
2. If cools the clouds and causes the rains. Otherwise, clouds cause Warming. Drought situations also causes Warming by using energy excessively
3. It uses the sunlight and synthesizes its food. Otherwise warming would have too much. It also uses UV-radiation. Other wise GHG emission would have more by preparing the ozone naturally.
4. It upkeeps a lot of water with in and around the tree. Otherwise, vaporization would have more, consequently warming too.
5. It prevents the soil erosion and keeps the soil potent to rear further plantation.
6. It also prevents the floods. Loss of trees in hill areas causes floods in plains. Floods damage the infrastructure, trees, plants, crops and soil. Hence preventing floods means preventing the Global Warming.
7. A forest floor of leaves and decaying wood acts as a giant sponge by absorbing, filtering and holding water.
8. It sheds the leaves and strengthens the soil for further plantation.
9. It prevents the sound pollution and air pollution by dust. Other wise, it warms.
10. It gives the shade to so many people. Other wise those people are forced to use the electricity for cooling.
11. It gives shade to buildings and reduces the power bills and Global Warming.
12. Trees like neem are used for various purposes. It sticks are used as toothbrush is also used as medicine. Artificial production of these items causes Global Warming by using all the items excessively.
13. Fruits, nuts, leaf etc. of some plants has medicinal properties. Unknowingly some diseases are cured by consumption of them.

Some plants like Tulsi, Neem, Mint and flowers release the aromatic substances. Those plants cure many diseases unknowingly. Otherwise, there would have need of manufacturing of many medicines, causing a lot of energy.

14. Some plans like Aleovera, turmeric is used as a cosmetics. Other wise many cosmetics would have need to be prepared.
15. Plants on the seacoast prevent the worst effects of cyclone.

Safe guards: safe guarding is the crucial issue in the process of sustaining of plants. administrator has to give priority plant the saplings in the protected areas such as houses, schools, offices ,grave yards,etc.tree guards must be employed to safe guard the saplings planted on road side and in open spaces. In case of non availability of money,thorn bearing plants may be arraged around the sapling.Some times R&B department is kind enough to provide the drums which can be used as treeguard.

When to plant: usually rainy periodwith a emphasis on july and august is the convenient time to take up the plantation. But it can be taken up even up to December. Small plants such as shrubs, medicinal plants and kitchen gardens can be taken up to February. The same strategy is used in suryapet municipality and reaped very good results.

Mobilization of money: money can be spent out of the municipal general funds earmarked for greenery and parks. There are many philanthropic organizations to take up the plantation on their own. Such organizations can be tapped. Many corporate companies also takes up the tree plantation under corporate social responsibility. Even Banks also takes up the plantation under the same. So, these funds can be utilized.


Mobilization of people: It is very vital to mobilize the people and make them ready for the plantation is very crucial aspect. N.S.S., N.C.C, Green corps are very crucial in helping out in plantation. S.H.Gs can be involved in case of household plantation. Involving all the important dignitaries would make the things simpler and easier in many ways. A meeting explaining the importance of plants and planning for plantation plays very vital role. A day must be earmarked to that effect and more number of people should be involved.

Green Living-individual responsibility

To change others positively, we should change it first for effective imparting of change.
--Mahatma Gandhi.



The need of the hour is to stop polluting and start living in eco friendly manner. The climate change is evident in many forms such as torrential rains, frequent floods, extreme heat and cold, extended rains and summers, droughts, Tsunamis, earth quakes, etc, and many more.

But the question is that whether the Governments have changed the policy to stimulate the eco friendly living? It can be answered from the life and policies of the Mahatma. It is easy to change the individual first before demanding the Organizations. If the individuals alter their mindset, they definitely vote the party, which takes up the eco-friendly activities. It is my small attempt to elucidate the Green living after following the same.

On every day we start the day by waking up. The habit of early rising would help us to keep ourselves healthy, which means consumption of fewer tablets. It ultimately leads to less pollution and mitigation of climate change. The inactive people always consume more in terms of all resources out of laziness.

The subsequent activity is going to toilet and excreting. The early excreting always helps to minimize generation of carbon dioxide and methane. Both these gases are responsible for Global Warming and Climate Change(cc).

The Subsequent activity is cleaning of teethes. We are habituated to clean the teeth with tooth paste. It involves the mechanical process, transportation, use of all chemicals, which leads to pollution and cc. The use of Neem stick or Ayurvedic tooth powder would reduce the pollution and cc. There is need of rearing the name plants, etc for propagating this habit. In the initial days people can use these products for 3 days in a week.
The subsequent activity is to take a glass of water or more to kick start our system. This habit would make the individuals active. It is to reiterate that active person always saves the resources and mitigates the cc.

The subsequent activity is to take bath. Most of the people use the hot water to take bath. This would waste the valuable energy sources to heat the water. Some people erroneously take bath with stored water, which is very cool, which forces them to use hot water. Some people even refer hot water during the summer. It ruins the valuable energy sources unnecessarily. People doing bath with normal well water would save a lot of energy sources and pollution. However, the habit of bathing with normal water improves the health of the individuals. When the hot water is inevitable, we have to use the solar water heating systems to utilize the renewable energy sources, there by decreasing the pollution.

he subsequent activity is to take breakfast. Usually, we prefer the cooked food. But cooking also wastes the valuable energy sources, which again causes the pollution and climate change. Even excessive use of L.P.G. also lowers the levels of the earth, there by causing inundation, etc. Hence, it is necessary to use the sprouts, fruits, vegetables, etc. as food to the extent of 25% least. It upkeeps the health, reduce the wastage in agricultural products, saves the energy. Many more advantages are there with the raw food. Especially, adding raw food to an extent of 100% in the breakfast would reveal the wonderful results in every aspect.

The subsequent activity is to take to purchase the vegetables required for the day. Usually people purchase for 3 or 4 days and they store it in the refrizirator. Some people also travel by vehicle. All the above activities increase the pollution. Instead of this people can grow the kitchen gardens. The advantages are improving the greenery, access in the fresh air, saving money, doing the exercise, non-pesticides, healthy living and eco-friendly atmosphere. There are many more advantages with the kitchen gardens. Hence, we have to take up the kitchen gardens in the available spaces. In absence of adequate vegetables we can purchase by going to the market on foot. This saves a lot of energy and keeps the individual healthy. If this habit continues regularly, there is no need of using the refrigerator. Refrigerator is the main cause for emission of chloro floro carbons and consumes valuable energy continuously. Thus it is source of high level of pollution which can damage ozone layer also. An Eco-friendly person shall immediately quit from the refrigerator to save the environment.

The subsequent activity is to cook. The usual mistake while cooking is that vegetables are not cut in small pieces, not using the pressure cooker, not soaking the rice, etc. All the above activities would consume the high levels of energy. So, there is need of taking the precautions in cooking for avoiding the pollution.

The subsequent activity is to go to school/college or office. Usually it requires the transportation. In case of the distance below the one kilometer, we require to walk or use cycle. The best remedy is to have their house near their institutions. It saves a lot of energy. In case of inevitability we must use the community transportation. Vehicle pooling is the recent concept for rich persons doing the better jobs.

The subsequent activity is to do work in the office.The subsequent activity after reaching the office is to switch on the lighting, computer and air conditioners (in case of officers).The most bad habit is switching on the a. c. during the winter and rainy seasons. It releases the CFCs and consumes the high electricity. CFCs deplete the ozone layers and it leads to destruction of mankind. These gases stay in the air for 1000 years and continuously warm the atmosphere during its stay. I feel that using the a.c. is a sin causing damage for the soul for 1000 years. Moreover, it also stops the elasticity of heart, with which we habituate to different atmospheres. It also damages kidney by flowing all the malignity through it by stopping the functioning of skin. Hence, we must quit the habit of using the a.c.

Another bad habit is shutting the doors and windows and switching on the lights and fans. It unnecessarily wastes the energy. Instead of this we should allow all the natural air and light to come inside the room, to allow energy saving.

Most of the times, we use to write or study the files, but don’t turn off the computer or monitor. Or at least keep in standby. Even most of us don’t know the concept of screen saver to operate to save energy. The screen consumes more energy than CPU. These simple but easy techniques would save a lot of energy. Purchasing the LCD or LED screens would save the energy. This action is dependent on officer. But subordinates can influence the decision.

We must also make a habit to turn off all the electric appliances, while leaving the office and during the lunch. Total turning off of all the appliances would save a lot of energy. There by mitigate the cc.

Taking the food carriage would also save valuable time and energy. While in head office, I use to dine together with all staff. It increases the intimacy and solves all the problems by discussing them during that period. Saving the time means, saving the energy, as working hours use to come down. During the working lunches, as Administrative Officer, I always provided the vegetarian food. This would always keep the officers active by consuming the less food at the same time saving valuable money.

Some people use to eat raw food only during the lunch. Though not advisable but it keeps us active by avoiding drowsiness. But, it is must during the night to have perfect rest to metabolism.

The communication is very vital to any office. Maintaining the website and e-mail id to all the staff would save all the paper, un-necessary posting, etc. Saving the paper means saving the trees.

In the evening, most of the persons use to spend time without any utilitarian purpose.People can propagate the Nutritional Garden for their own family. It has a lot of advantages. In this activity we can also go for Utilization of waste water. There is need of trees on the west side of the house, so as to save from the excessive heat of sun.In case of non-availability of spaces, they can go for rooftop gardens.
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During the nights, every person has to take bath in our country. They can leave all their tensions and there would be decrement in consumption of energy, as they feel cool. They have to take early and light food, so as to give full rest to body. One has to go to bed early, so as to have good health.
During the night whatever I study is under the solar LED based lamp. It is the responsibility of every one of middle and above classes to adopt for the renewable energies, to generate more power and conserve the nature. It would also make the prices cheaper in future. It is evident that after large-scale use of LEDs, the prices have come down. It also boosted the solar energy sector. I have arranged the solar lights to most of my staff on salary deduction basis. It is arranged to them without burdening. Even I motivated other friends to go for similar procedure.

Marriages
In the recent past, we hear of pompous marriages without caring for the environment in our country. But, in the west we hear about the simple marriages. They invite very near and dear only. Marriage invitation cards are printed very simply or sent through the electronic form. The local material is preferred to make the arrangements. It a lot saves the valuable resources.
But, in contra, we hear gorgeous wedding cards, cutting of trees and wasting many resources. Even in our country now slowly we are hearing the simple marriages and mass marriages.Thirumala Thirupati Devasthanam is conducting the mass marriages with a name kalyanamasthu. In that suryapet municipality has organized 41 marriages stating the following advantages: It saves the valuable money as the thali,dress, mattelu is provided free of cost. It is simple marriage with out burdening the poor for arrangements. It is an eco-friendly marriage without wasting the resources. All the important dignitaries would attend without caring for their status.

Such mass marriages are really good in nature. Even , I have seen such mass marriages among the muslims in nirmal.


It is the responsibility of every individual to motivate others to go green. It plays very vital role in conservation of nature.

Role of Resident welfare association (RWA)

a. Plantation: RWA can take up the tree plantation in their localities. They have to make use the open spaces in their locality for plantation. Even in the houses they must insist residents to take up plantation, vegetable plantation, gardening, etc. Members of the RWA can mobilize the funds for taking up the activity or they can get from the municipality. It definitely decreases the global warming.

b. House to house garbage collection: Role of RWA is very crucial in making the house-to-house garbage collection success. Indiscriminate throwing of garbage causes pollution. RWA can motivate and insist the residents to  handover the garbage in the municipality-operated vehicle duly segregating. RWA members can collect the remuneration of the vehicle driver and can pay centrally to avoid inconvenience to him. Usually in smaller towns the per house remuneration to the vehicle driver is 10/- .In the cities like Hyderabad, they are getting 30/-.

c.Rainwater harvesting: RWA can take up the rainwater harvesting in houses, open spaces, schools, parks and temple like places. This also needs mobilization of funds. Desiltation of tanks is also harvests the water. RWA can take up such activity.

d.Protection of water bodies:RWA can protect the water bodies such as tanks, public wells, individual wells for harvesting the water. It saves a lot of energy by maintaining the water table. RWA can protest the encroachment of water bodies. Thus contributing to curtailing the Global warming.

e.Development of roads and drains: RWA can take up the development of roads and drains in public private partnership. In some municipalities, about 30% to 50% contributions have been paid to take up infrastructure works. The RWA is also responsible for execution of works. It ensures the quality of work and arrest the wastage of resources. Thus curtailing the global warming.

f.Motivation: RWA can motivate their residents to follow the eco friendly habits.

g.Green buildings: RWA can insist the construction of green buildings in their locality. They can ask the local residents to use the eco friendly material and also ask to leave the setbacks around the buildings, and to provide doors, windows, ventilators, etc. They can also insist to take up the plantation in and around the buildings.

f.Removal of encroachment: Encroachments would hinder the free flow of the vehicular traffic. This wastes a lot of fuel causing the global warming. RWA can request the municipal officials to remove the encroachments. Initially they can resist the encroachments that are coming up in their localities. Above activity saves a lot of fuel, curtailing the global warming.

g.Energy saving: energy saving is the crucial aspect in curtailing the global warming. In many ways RWA can help to save energy. They can handle the switch on and off of lights, if locality falls in the non-core areas and save the water that in turn saves the energy. Thus curtailing the global warming.

h.Installation of solar utilities: Installation of solar utilities or renewable energies paves the way for the curtailing of global warming. RWA can motivate and insist the installation of solar utilities in their localities. They can also assure the municipal authorities of maintaining the solar streetlights, if those are installed in their locality.


i.Composting: pro-active RWA can take up the composting of solid waste in their locality in the available open spaces. Composting prevents the emission of GHG’s. Thus preventing the global warming.

j.Walking roads: Habit of walking prevents the vehicular pollution and global warming by saving the fuel. RWA can develop the roads for the convenient walking. They can also plant plants along the road for emitting the fresh air. Walking makes the people to habituate to walk in their daily life, especially for shorter distances. Thus curtailing the global warming.

k.Eradication of mosquitoes: RWA can take up the house-to-house garbage collection, prevention of stagnation of water, releasing of Gambusia fish in the stagnated water and water bodies with help of municipality to prevent mosquitos.Also, they can arrange mesh to toilet vent pipes in their area.They can also follow the bio-eradication methods such as propagating addasaram plant and lemon grass , etc.

l.Reduction of consumption: we already know that saving of any resources including money curtails the global warming. Through various means RWA can reduce the consumption of various resources. RWA can also insist the traditional Indian methods for the sustainable development.

m.Population control: It is very crucial aspect in curtailing the global warming. RWA can assist the municipality to intensify the family planning measures. They can also motivate the people of various other locality people, especially poor people. Control of population eases the stress on resources and leads to curtailing of global warming.

n.Poverty alleviation: RWA can organize the poor people of the locality to get the various assistances from the government.In some places I had seen
ararrangement of interest free loans.

.Monitoring of quality of works: Government had made it mandatory to execute the works in transparent manner to ensure the quality of works. Quality of works reduces the wastage of material. RWA can supervise the work to ensure the quality of work, which curtail the global warming by saving the resources.

p.Establishment and maintenance of parks: RWA can take up the establishment of parks in the available open spaces in their locality. They can convince the municipality that establishment and maintenance of park would ease the burden of the municipality.

Q.Elections:

Electoral process plays vital role not only in protecting the democracy but also protecting in the environment.

Role of RWAs starts in the electoral process at inclussion of new voters, deletions of death voters and migrated voters and also carryout the modifications.They can motivate young voters to apply through online.Here , I want to share my experience as Electoral registrartion officer that as on 04.12.2013 the applications received through online is
More than 3000 and manually received  are 1700.It is due to motivation of different groups.

The advantages of online registrartion is that it ensures receipt of applications, compulsoury disposal of applications, transperancy, reliability, etc.

Further, it also reduce the dependency on the political parties. On the environment front , it saves alot of paper there by protecting many trees.It also saves the lot of fuel and man days of people.

RWAs can participate in the Grama Sabhas, so as to increase the role of nuetral persons to ensure protection of democracy. Also, they can have their voice for preparation of the error free voter lists.Error free voter list ensures the error free conducting of elections.many malpractices can be arrested through the error free voter list.

RWAS can appoint the  BLVs.In this regard EC has also recognised the role and presence of the RWAs in the electoral process.Active officers are recognising the importance of RWAs.

Last but most important is that RWAs can negotiate with political parties for better service delivery and amenities.Also demand for the environment protection activities like earmarking funds for tree plantation, solar lighting, banning of plastic, etc.

The development of any society depends on its power to negotiate with
Its executives.Active participation of RWAs in electoral process ensures the power of negotiating.

INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL WARMING

Chapter – I

Introduction to Global Warming

WHAT IS GLOBAL WARMING

As per Webster Dictionary, Global Warming is “an increase in the earth's atmospheric and oceanic temperatures widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse effect resulting especially from pollution”

Global average air temperature near the Earth’s surface rose 0.74 ± 0.180C during the past century is a cause of concern for human kind. The climate system varies due to external factors of solar activity, volcanic emission, and variation in the Earth’s orbit. It also varies due to the Green House Gases (GHG’s), which are created due to the internal activity of Man.

Automobile engines, power plants and other fossil fuel – burning industries contributed significantly to rise in the temperature of Earth’s atmosphere, by emitting GHG’s.

What paved to Global Warming

Prior to industrial revolution, there was no use of machines in the human lives. Industrial revolution was took place in the Europe. It was stimulated by the agriculture revolution in England.

Initially, renaissance had changed the attitude of the human beings. Renaissance preached the courage, rationality, questioning etc. to the Europeans. They started discovering the new places to meet the demands of their material needs. These discoveries gave impetus to trade and commerce in the European continent. In order to increase the trade and commerce with the newly discovered places, Europeans need to produce more resources, food grains etc. consequent to the agricultural revolution in the England, it had provided the requisites to the industrialization, such as cheap and educated labour, convenient political system, scientific community, surplus in trade and commerce, peaceful conditions, agricultural surplus, natural resources etc.

Consequently, mechanization and industrialization had occurred. Initially it took place in the textile sector and later spread to steel and cement sector. Subsequently, it spread to the total European continent. Prior to industrialization, the existence of CO2 and other GHG was in equilibrium in atmosphere, since emission and perishing or transfer of those gases were equal.

But, industrialization had paved the way for the pollution and release of GHG’s in many ways as under:

1. Machines released the large scale pollutants and GHG’s into atmosphere

2. Transportation sector was developed due to increase in the trade ad commerce, which caused further pollution.

3. Many forests were cut down for setting up of industries. Many agricultural lands were also converted in to industries.

4. Commercialization and establishment of stores, shops further decreased the area of forests and agricultural lands.

5. Population growth was at large due to improved health services after industrialization.

6. In later stages, dangerous chemicals, artificial gases were produced resulting to more pollution and GHG emission.

WHY WE SHOULD WORRY ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING?

1. Due to the Global Warming the Himalayan Glaciers have been retreating twice as fast during the 1990’s as in the previous decades. It is known fact that the North Indian Rivers of Indus and Ganges are perennial due to the Glaciers. About 50 Crore people are dependent on these river systems for the purpose of Irrigation and Drinking Water needs, etc.

2. Further, if the same situation continues, there is every possibility of disappearance of Himalayan glaciers, Due to which, we cannot hear of cultivation of two crops a year in Ganga delta. It will certainly put pressure on the food security. More importantly drinking water will also not available to the most of the people in North and East India. Average 40C rise in global temperature would cause nearly all of the world’s glaciers to melt resulting in rising sea levels.

3. The Global mean Sea level has risen 10-20 Cm in the past century, which is 10 times faster than the average over the past 2000 years. At this rate, it is predicted that the Mean Sea level will rise by another 47 Cm in the next 100 years. Due to the rise in Mean Sea level the low-lying Coastal areas have been submerging and devoid the land to the people. The situation on the coast of Orissa is alarming. In future, scarcity in drinking water will increase due to rise in Mean Sea levels.

4. It is also pertinent to remember that the cities of Bombay, Madras, Vizag, Calcutta, etc are on the banks of Sea Coast. It will also cause a lot of destruction to the infrastructure of ports and towns. It will be a heavy burden to the Developing countries like India.

5. The two other unforeseen troubles are that Bangladesh has got many low-lying areas and submergence of it will devoid land and water for them and cause migration of Bangladesh population to India resulting population pressure. (The Indians are the only kindest human beings on the earth to allow the foreignness to enter into its territory, with out permission).

6. So many Indian Origin persons and Non – Resident Indians are living in the Island countries. In case of submergence, naturally, they look at their mother country as their destination again. This also causes pressure of population.

7. Globally, the annual number of storms has been increased to 18 from 8. The Katrina in 2005 was the 6th largest storm causing damage over $60 billion. The recent storm, which hit Bangladesh, instead of Indian East Coast has devastating effect. If it would have hit Indian Coast, the damage may not be less than $25 billion.

8. As the Global Warming increases the vaporization also increases, resulting the heavy rains. It creates the vicious cycle.

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VICIOUS CYCLE OF GLOBAL WARMING

Global Warming

Heavy Rains, clouds Vaporization increase

Explanation: As the atmospheric temperature increases due to the global warming, it increases the vaporization of water. We may observe that on increase of temperature of the boiling water, the vapor generated is more.

The accumulation of water vapor in atmosphere, itself, causes global warming by absorbing the insolation. It also accumulates to form the clouds, which interrupts the out going radiation and results to global warming. More vapor results to torrential rains and results to floods. Floods cause damage to flora, fauna and infrastructures, wasting many resources, leading again to global warming. Thus, global warming results to vicious cycle.

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It is pertinent to remember that Water Vapor also causes Global Warming. On the other hand rains in some areas are diminished resulting to droughts. The rains are also taking place at different times in different quantity. It also causes heavy floods and loss of crops.

9. The United Nations projects that 30% of World’s land surface will turn into desert in future. Again it will have impact on the agriculture, as per hectare yield will decrease resulting burden on the food security and drinking water.

10. Other impact on the agriculture is that pest cannot be easily controlled and new pests will appear in the scene. It further decreases the yield and controlling the pest will be a costly affair. The poor farmers cannot sustain such burden of spending more money, when agriculture is already profiting less. According to WHO report Global Warming could lead to a major increase in Vector borne diseases. The mosquito borne diseases such as Dengue, Chicken Gunya, and Malaria have been increasing in Urban and tribal areas in the past five years. Out burst of Chicken Gunya in kerala is the best example for it.

Manifestation:

Global Warming is evident from the long summers and short winters. It is also causing melting of glaciers, rise in mean sea level, and rise in storms, torrential rains, more importantly in climate change. One of the reasons for the recent Californian forest fires is global warming. Increased temperature in the material pushes the electrons into the excited states and the chemical reaction would be easier, fire is also one of the chemical reactions. Hence the rampant fires thorough out the world.

SPECIFIC PROBLEMS TO INDIAN TOWNS

1. Basically Urbanization is result of Agricultural surplus in rural areas. Due to Global Warming the agricultural produce will decrease certainly, making the food unavailable to most of the population. Global Warming increases heat, drought conditions, untimely rains, floods in certain areas, lack of ground water. It also increases pests. All the above causes reduce the yield of food.

2. Water also becomes Scares. Water has to be transported from long areas. It makes the water more costly.

The two above phenomens will push the population to resources available areas. In other words it is de-urbanization.

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ENERGY RELATED VICOUS CYCLE

Global Warming

Energy consumption Water Transport

Explanation: Due to global warming, drought conditions prevail in most of the places. Ground water availability would come down. To mitigate such conditions, there is need of transportation of water from far off places. Similarly, there is need of drilling of new bore wells and deepening of bore wells. All the above activities require energy, which is made mostly in thermal plants. Generation of energy results to global warming. It also requires new resources. Manufacturing of new resources also causes global warming. Thus, global warming results to global warming, i.e. vicious cycle.

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3. Coastal towns will face the music as the Mean Sea level has been increasing. It also causes erosion on the coastal areas. Hence, it will devoid the land for many people. Urban administrators have to take responsibility to relocate them.

4. Number of storms in Coastal areas is already on increase. It will further increase in future. It not only causes the losses of caused by Mean Sea level but also cause heavy damage of infrastructure such as roads, buildings, street lights, street light poles, communication system, ports, water supply systems, etc.

5. In addition to above losses by storms, the heavy rains in urban areas demand up gradation of infrastructure of drainage. It was visible that the most developed cities of Bombay and Calcutta could not evacuate the water for 7 days. It is unimaginable to the smaller towns to mitigate the problem of torrential rains.

6. It is not embarrassing to recognize that most of the towns in India could not upgrade its infrastructure of drainage system in the recent past. In case of torrential rains these systems won’t cater needs at all. Torrential Rains also demands a lot of maintenance cost and problems with in sanitary conditions. The problem of mosquito menace will increase when water is stagnated. All these problems naturally lead to imposition of heavy taxes or subsidization from Government.

7. Global Warming could also cause with famine like conditions. In some of the towns, there is need of drilling the earth for more than 500 feet, even without certainty. Drilling of bore wells, transportation of water and providing of infrastructure for transportation of water needs a lot of money and work.

8. Certainly these will be more deceases in urban areas due to Global Warming in future. In India presently 50% of villages lack the necessary medicines. In case of emergence of new and rampant deceases, the situation will be certainly alarming.

9. All the urban specific problems demands up gradation of facilities for providing Water, Sanitation and health measures. It requires a lot of money and time. Hence, the pressure on the administrators will be increasing for providing facilities.

Prevention is better than cure. Hence, before situation goes bad, we should worry rather get up to curtail the Global Warming with determination, enthusiasm and efficiency. Urban Administrators are Lynchpins in this struggle.

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

I would like to classify the causes as

1) Natural

2) Direct and

3) Indirect.

We do not have any role to play in curtailing natural reasons. We have much role in direct causes, where as long-term measures are required with regard to Indirect causes.

NATURAL CAUSES:

1. Changes in the earth’s orbit around the sun, known as Milankovitch Cycle, are believed to be pace maker of the 1,00,000 year ice age cycle.

2. Plant respiration and decomposition of organic material released more than 10 times of CO2 released by human activities, but these releases were in balance the centuries leading up to the industrial revolution.

It is pertinent to mention that man just cannot combat against the natural causes. Our concentration must be more on the man made mistakes.

II.DIRECT CAUSES

1.INDUSTRIALISATION:

Industrial production is responsible for 57% of all CO2 emissions. Largest quantities of CO2 emitted by energy producers and energy intensive industries. Due to globalization and free trade, the production of goods has been increasing. In the recent past, China is rapidly industrialized and expected to surpass the production of U.S.A, and even the GHG’s emissions.

2. FOSSIL FUEL:

The combustion of fossil fuel releases about 24 billion tones of CO2 in to atmosphere result is that there has a 26% increase of these gas in the atmosphere since start of the Industrial revolution. Presently, the atmospheric CO2 concentration is rising at about 0.4% per annum and this rise is caused almost entirely by combustion of fossil fuel (Coal, oil, and natural gas).

3. VEHICLES:

27% of all man made CO2 emissions are transportation related. 750 million cars in the world emit a total of about 2.25 billion tons of CO2 every year. Due to increase in the trade and commerce, improvement of transportation and infrastructure, Globalization, etc. the number of vehicles has been constantly increasing. Due to the decrement in the prices of vehicles, many people are using their own vehicles instead of public transport systems. Inadequacies in the public transport systems induce the people to purchase their own vehicles. Thus, the vehicular traffic and global warming are increasing.

4. AGRICULTURE:

Agriculture sector is a huge source of methane and nitrous Oxide, and responsible for 15% of world wide green house gas emission. As the population is increasing, the stress on the agriculture has been increasing to use for pesticides, machines for increasing the production. Prior to the industrialization there was equilibrium of release and consumption of GHG’s existed.

5. POWER PLANTS:

Burning of fossil fuel for electricity generation causes emission of CO2. Coal emits around 1.7 times as much CO2 per unit of energy when burned as dose natural gas and 1.25 times as much as oil. Indian coal consists sulpher and causes more pollution and even acid rains. Lack of use of super critical boilers for production, which produces about 40% of energy, wastes about 10% energy, since; ordinary boilers produce about 30% energy from coal.

In the recent past, percapita power consumption has been increasing. Rapid electrification of villages has been taking place even in developing countries. Due to increasing population the resource utilization such as power has been increased, causing the global warming.

6. DEFORESTRATION:

It is responsible for 25% of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere, by the burning and cutting of about 34 million acres of trees each year. Industrialization, expansion of commercial activities, extension of housing and extension of agriculture due to increasing need of food grains are the reasons of the deforestation. Even today, people are dependent on the forests for firewood. Many rich people spoil the forests for their wooden furniture requirements.

In addition to above, the increasing forest fires through out the world are causing the decrement in forests. Recent forest fires in Greece and California have devastated the lakhs of hectares of forest.

7. BUILDING:

Building structure account for about 12% of CO2 emission. In the recent past, the number of buildings in a unit area has been increasing. Even the number of persons living in a unit area is also increasing in the recent past. This increased density and congestion induce the people to use more energy and the use of material such as concrete, cement, glass, and iron causes use of more energy leading to emission of GHG’s.

CAUSES IN MUNICIPALITIES

1. BURNING OF GARBAGE :

Public health workers, due to lack of training, and even people, use to the burn the garbage, without knowing the damage caused to the environment. Burning releases the CO2 immediately into atmosphere where as decomposition is a slow and study process of releasing the CO2.

Another problem with the burning of Garbage is that the plastic burning releases the poisonous gases in addition to Green House Gases. Hence, the number of cancer cases has been on increase and also resulting to unwanted hair growth in women.

2. UNTIMELY DISPOSAL OF WASTE :

Untimely disposal releases foul smell and causes a lot of damage to the health of the citizens especially to children and women. In addition to this it also releases the GHG’s and poisonous gases in the habitable area causing a lot of health problems.

3. THROWING OF GARBAGE INTO DRAINS:

It also causes the decomposition of waste release of CO2 and methane. It also stagnates the water in drains and become breeding centers for mosquitos.

4. IMPROPER DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE:

Only as late as, year 2000 the Solid Waste Management Rules have been formulated in our country. Earlier, nobody had the vision for scientific disposal of Garbage.

The administrators, who are collecting and segregating the waste, are also unable to dispose the Garbage scientifically and in consistence with the SWM Rules – 2000 for various reasons. (Annex SWM Rules – 2000)

5. MUSQUITO MENACE:

In sanitary conditions and stagnation of water is the causative factor for mosquito breading. It compels us to use chemicals resulting to pollution and Global warning. Other aspect of the mosquito menace is that mosquitoes are becoming vehicles for the dangerous viruses such as aeidis egypty causing dengue and chicken Gunya. It is also predicted that in some years mosquitoes may be capable of carrying the AIDS Virus. It is dangerous even to think.

Such dangerous situation is due to the flexibility of mosquitos’ own life cycle (Annex mosquitoes life cycle for understanding to curtail menace of mosquitoes)

6. STAGNATION OF WATER:

Stagnation of water results in breading of mosquitoes and its consequences. When people throw garbage in drains, certainly leads to decomposition and results emission of gases such as CO2 & CH4. Existence of potholes and lowlying areas also cause stagnation of water.

7. USE OF VEHICLES :

Municipality generally uses tractors for lifting of Garbage and for supply of water through tankers. In most of the cases due to lack of maintenance, the vehicles lack self. Most of the vehicles are in degradable conditions even if large amounts are spent. Old vehicles lack the Hydraulic systems, which decrease the number of trips of the tractors. Ultimately it results in the unsanitary conditions and release of poisonous Gases. Improper maintenance of vehicles consumes a lot fuel, resulting to global warming.

8. WASTAGE OF ENERGY THROUGH STREET LIGHTING:

It has pointed out the age old practices causing much loss of energy and funds of municipality as well as under.

a. The ratio of electric switch operators, who are performing on/ off of the street lighting switches, is very high. This results to a lot of wastage of energy by delayed switches on / off operation.

b. Needlessly high voltage bulbs are used at some places. Mismanagement of central lighting is causing drain of wealth of municipality.

c. Using of incandescent bulbs instead of CFL’S or LED’S is causing wastage of energy.

d. Continuous burning of lights for days together due to line faults and lack of conductor wire, wastes the energy and increases the global warming.

9. WASTAGE OF ENERGY IN OFFICE:

a. While leaving the office or during the lunch hours, staff in many municipalities doesn’t switch off the lights and fans, even computers.

b. In some municipalities, officers don’t allow the natural light to come in consequently they use the electrical appliances.

c. The water coolers and air coolers are being used even during the winters without recognized the bad effect they put to the metabolism of the human bodies.

d. It is pertinent to mention that working in air condition requires a lot of energy to maintain the body temperature constantly at 98.40 F. It is enhancing the cases of diabetes and sunstrokes. Air coolers release the worst GHG’s i.e. CFC’s.

e. Some Municipalities being at the issuing end, still uses the incandescent bulbs in their offices instead of CFLs (Compressed Fluorescent Lights).

f. Construction of building of Municipalities is not in conformity with the green building concept. More ironically, most of the modern buildings are with a defect that it is made up of glasses requiring a lot of energy since it is very hot in summers and very cool in winters

10. WASTAGE OF ENERGY THROUGH WATER SUPPLY:

It is well aware to every administrator that energy consumption involves in water supply during the supply from the source to filters and sump to distribution network.

The cost free method of water supply from source to filter bed is gravitational pumping. In some cases wherever the gravitational pumping is feasible, using precious energy does mechanical pumping. It also drains the resources of Municipality. The same is the case with the distribution network.

The ironical fact is that there are a lot of leakages are visible in many Municipalities losing the confidence of people; consequently switching over to mineral water supply.

Moreover people do not like to stop the flow of water through, taps and valves, resulting duly misusing of water. The excessive supply of water unnecessarily is a burden both on Municipality and citizen. This wastage always requires more quantity of energy and money resulting levy of more water-cess.

Other misuse of energy in the water supply is misuse of power bores, especially in drought areas like Bhainsa, Jangoan and Mahaboobnagar etc. Thus power bores are available to the people round the clock draining the precious ground water and energy resources.

The public stand posts lacks the on / off system resulting the wastage of water. It definitely adds to the cost of water and requires more energy.

Due to lack of distribution networks, Municipality has to supply the water through the tankers even adequate source is available. There are many classical examples are available in the list of Municipalities of Andhra Pradesh. But the Municipality known to me is Kamareddy in Nizamabad district with the spent expenditure, for transportation of water, it is very much easy to lay the pipelines.

11. DEFORESTRATION:

Due to not maintaining of the trees, plants and parks, atmospheric CO2 do not decrease and results to Global Warming. It also leads to erosion of soil and floods in general in all areas and in particular in hilly and mountain areas. Even the construction of check dams won’t stop above phenomens when the check dams silt up.

We use to hear about the land sliding in the Himalayan region and worst floods in the U.P, Bihar, West Bengal and Bangladesh. The reason attributed by environmentalists is nothing but deforestation of Himalayan Mountains. All these aspects add to the Global warming.

12.NARROW ROADS:

Narrow Roads do not allow the vehicles to move freely creating the hindrances to the Conveyance. It not only wastes a lot of time but also cause pollution and leading to Global Warming.

13. USAGE OF PAPER EXCESSIVELY

Paper is made up of trees. Using of excessive paper always leads to cutting down of trees (Deforestation). It is already explained as point no. 11. Fortunately, every office is provided with the computer and it offers several options in saving the paper.

14. BACKUP GENERATORS

Municipalities use the generators as a backup power in Water supply when power supply is stopped. We also use it in some Municipalities for the office use.

These Generators in most of the cases emit high pollutant gases as those are run with the diesel. Each liter of diesel emit 2.46 Kg CO2 into atmosphere. 1 KW of electricity only emits 0.87 Kg CO2. It is very much less emission and economical also.

15. NOT MAINTAINING THE WATER TABLE

Due to uneven drilling of bore wells in towns and rural areas have been exploited the ground water. On the other hand, wells are leveled to earth and no new wells are digged. Even the tanks are silted up to contain less quantity of water. All the above mistakes have all together made the situation of ground water table worst.

16. EXTRA WASTE GENERATION IN TOWNS

In the normal conditions Waste generated in the urban areas are higher than the rural areas. The percapita Solid Waste Material generation is ranging from 0.2 Kg to 0.6 Kg in different towns.

Another significant feature is per capita Solid Waste Material generation in the same cities and towns have been increasing.

The generally accepted fact is that percapita Solid Waste Material generation is higher in developed countries.

This means that either a rich person or richer countries are generating a lot of waste and causing harm to the environment. More ironically urban man do not show concern to the environment, except in few cases.

III.INDIRECT CAUSES:

1.POVERTY: PERSONS WITH THE EMPTY BELLY CANNOT FOLLOW THE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY HABITS. For instance, poor people cook with the wood available in the near by forest, which emit more smoke and causes pollution. But, they cannot buy the LPG cylinders.

2.IGNORANCE: Due to ignorance, people don’t recognize what is environmentally friendly and what is not. Some people don’t understand the relation between the global warming and glowing of lights unnecessarily. People don’t follow the environmental friendly habits, unless they are enlightened.

3.MARKET ECONOMY: Market economy induces the production of many materials for consumption and increases the percapita consumption. Most of the businessmen produce the material in a cost effective manner, with out caring for the ecology. The waste generated is also more in the rich countries, which are market economies. This induces the global warming.

4.URBAN SLUMS: push and pull factors are attracting the people to the urban areas. But inadequate employment opportunities, under employment push them to live in the slum areas. Here, people lack the basic amenities, infrastructure such as roads, drains, water supply and health facilities.

5.URBANISATION: laziness, excessive use of food, material. Water import, lack of plantation, mechanization,

6.POPULATION GROWTH: As the population grows, the percapita consumption of resources grows and finally put pressure on the resources and causes the global warming.

Excessive growth of Population of any country hampers the development. Increase in population increases the Global Warming. It has so many devastating effects on the society. Every disadvantage induces the global warming. The disadvantages of the population growth with respect to global warming and other aspects are as follows,

DISADVANTAGES of population growth

1. As the population grows, the per-capita income decreases and per-capita consumption decreases. It has direct impact on the health, standard of living etc.,

2. As the population grows, the problem of unemployment grows. It leads to many anti-social activities.

3. As the unemployment grows, people in rural areas rush to cities for employment, leading to proliferation of slum areas, in the towns and cities.

4. as the per-capita income decreases, the availability of personal needs such as electricity, toilets, etc., would not be available to people.

5. As the population grows, Government has to provide more schools, hospitals, houses, infrastructure etc. It devoid the land for forest and cultivation effecting the food security also.

6. In order to ensure the food security, people cutoff the forests to make it agricultural fields, ultimately leading to Global Warming.

7. As the health standards depreciate, it leads to increase in anemic people. Presently, about 50% of Indians are anemic. It has direct impact on IMR, MMR and life expectancy.

8. As the population grows, the consumption Oxygen grows and emission of Carbon dioxide grows, leading to Global Warming.

9. As the population grows, more resources are required for Consumption.

10. Consumption of more resources wastes more resources and generates more garbage, leading to Global Warming.

11. As the population grows, Government has to control the population. It may lead to anomalies in the male, female sex ratio.

12. As the size of the family grows, it causes stress on the head of family to earn more. Increased stress may leads to more health problems. In Bhainsa town, I observed more heart attacks, heart failures among the family heads. The increased size of the family may be one of the reasons for ill health of family heads.

13. In case of irresponsible family heads, children have to take up the employment activities by becoming child labour. It spoils their future and left the human resources undeveloped.

14. As the poverty increases among the certain sections of the people, they imagine that Government is not taking adequate measures for their welfare and sows the seeds of anti government and anti patriotism, leading to anti-social and terrorist movements. It disturbs the national integration.

15. Some resources such as water and food are not available to all the people equally, in case of increased population.

16. As the population grows the per-capita availability of land decreases and it creates the disparities among the people, leading to social unrest.

17. Per-capita living space in the house also decreases with the increased size of family.

18. With increased size of family, all the facilities are not equally distributed to all the children, creating disparities among the family in future.

19. All the above repercussions of population growth leads to under development of human resources and India, our most beloved nation ranked 126th among the 177 countries.